This study conducted by Policy Entrepreneurs Inc. aims to provide a more systematic observation of how user committees function in the context of Nepal’s local road development. The effectiveness of these committees has been a subject of mixed opinions. While some emphasize the participatory nature and the associated benefits of local ownership, others highlight the irregularities and illegal practices associated with certain user committees. By reviewing available literature and engaging with community members, political actors, and government officials during field visits, this study offers valuable insights into the reality of these user committees and their role in the development of local roads in Nepal.